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1 inventory functions
1) Экономика: операции с товарно-материальными ценностями2) Реклама: операции с товарно-материальными запасами -
2 inventory functions
Англо-русский словарь по экономике и финансам > inventory functions
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3 inventory functions
English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > inventory functions
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4 inventory functions
English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > inventory functions
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5 function
n1) функция2) pl должностные обязанности
- administrative functions
- analytic function
- agricultural production functions
- agent's functions
- audit function
- behaviorial function
- business function
- capital function
- cognitive function
- constraint function
- consumption function
- correction function
- cost function
- cost control function
- criterion function
- damage function
- decision function
- defective function
- demand function
- deposit function
- depositary function
- distribution function
- dual function
- effectiveness function
- efficiency function
- effort function
- empirical function
- employment function
- entrepreneurial function
- evaluation function
- executive functions
- fabrication functions
- goal function
- inventory functions
- investment function
- linear function
- loan function
- loan demand function
- long-run supply function
- loss function
- market demand function
- marketing functions
- market supply function
- material control function
- money functions
- objective function
- payoff function
- penalty function
- preference function
- production function
- profit function
- remuneration function
- replenishment function
- response function
- return function
- risk function
- sales function
- saving function
- service function
- short-run supply function
- social functions
- social preference function
- stores functions
- supply function
- supporting service function
- target function
- time function
- trust functions
- utility function
- variable cost function
- welfare function
- functions of an arbitrator
- functions of a fiscal agent
- assume functions
- perform functionsEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > function
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6 function
1) функция; назначение || функционировать, действовать; исполнять назначение2) pl функции, должностные обязанности3) мат. функция4) специализация управленческих процессов (напр. сбыт) -
7 function
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8 MRP II
abbr. Opsmanufacturing resource planning: a computer-based manufacturing, inventory planning and control system that broadens the scope of production planning by involving other functional areas that influence production decisions. Manufacturing resource planning evolved from material requirements planning to integrate other functions in the planning process. These functions may include engineering, marketing, purchasing, production scheduling, business planning, and finance. -
9 accounting
n бухг., рах. бухгалтерський облік; облік; рахівництво; методика обліку; запис; a бухгалтерський; балансовий; розрахунковий; обліковий; звітний1. система суцільного збору, запису, класифікації та обробки фінансових операцій (transaction¹) окремої особи або одиниці (entity); ♦ за бухгалтерським обліком підсумовуються, аналізуються, тлумачаться результати тих операцій, на основі яких здійснюються планування (planning) і контроль господарської діяльності організації; до найбільш відомих бухгалтерських/аудиторських (audit¹) фірм під назвою «Велика Шістка» (Big Six) входять: Артур Андерсен (Arthur Andersen); Куперс енд Лайбранд (Coopers & Lybrand); Делойт Туш Томатсу Інтернаціонал (Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu International); Ернст енд Янг (Ernst & Young); КПМГ Піт Марвик (KPMG Peat Marwick); Прайс Вотер-хаус (Price Waterhouse); 2. поняття, що об'єднує споріднені галузі, напр., оподаткування (taxation), ревізування (auditing), обліку за сферами відповідальності (responsibility accounting), управлінського обліку (management accounting)═════════■═════════accrual accounting облік методикою нарахування; acquisition accounting облік за придбанням; activity accounting функціональний бухгалтерський облік; activity-based accounting (ABA) функціональний бухгалтерський облік • облік за сферами відповідальності; actuarial accounting страховий облік; administrative accounting адміністративний облік • оперативний облік; allocation accounting облік за розміщенням; backflush accounting облік зі зворотним віднесенням витрат; bank accounting бухгалтерський облік в банку; bank cost accounting аналіз операційної діяльності банку; branch accounting філіальний облік; business accounting бухгалтерський облік комерційних операцій; cash accounting касова методика обліку; cash basis accounting касова методика обліку; cash flow accounting облік за грошовими потоками; composite property accounting змішана методика обліку основного капіталу; consolidation accounting облік за об'єднанням компаній; continuously contemporary accounting облік за поточною грошовою вартістю; cost accounting виробничий облік • облік виробничих витрат • калькулювання; creative accounting творчий облік; critical path accounting облік за методикою критичного шляху; current cost accounting (CCA) методика обліку за поточною вартістю; current purchasing power accounting (CPP) облік за поточною купівельною спроможністю; current value accounting облік за поточною вартістю; depreciation accounting облік амортизації • амортизаційна методика бухгалтерського обліку; discovery value accounting облік розвідуваних ресурсів; distribution cost accounting облік витрат у торгівлі; double-entry accounting облік за методикою подвійного запису; enterprise accounting бухгалтерський облік підприємства; entity accounting облік на основі самостійного балансу • бухгалтерський облік самостійного підрозділу; equity accounting облік за інвестиціями в дочірніх компаніях; financial accounting фінансовий облік; fiscal accounting податковий облік; forward accounting перспективний облік; full-cost accounting фінансовий облік за повною вартістю; functions accounting облік за видом діяльності; fund accounting система обліку за фондами; general price index accounting облік на основі загального рівня цін; government accounting державний облік; group depreciation accounting методика єдиної норми амортизації; group property accounting групова методика обліку основного капіталу; historical cost accounting (HCA) облік за первісною вартістю; human resources accounting облік людських ресурсів; industrial accounting бухгалтерський облік на промисловому підприємстві; inflation accounting інфляційний облік • облік в умовах інфляції • облік впливу інфляції; international accounting облік за міжнародними операціями і звітністю; inventory accounting облік запасів товарно-матеріальних цінностей; item property accounting попредметна методика обліку основного капіталу; macro-accounting облік на макрорівні; management accounting управлінський облік; micro-accounting облік на мікро-рівні; managerial accounting управлінський облік; national economic accounting система національних рахунків; national income accounting облік національного доходу; net realizable value accounting (NRVA) методика обліку за вихідною вартістю активів; oil and gas accounting облік за родовищами й запасами нафти і газу; price level accounting облік з поправкою на індекс цін споживчих товарів; profitability accounting облік за прибутковістю • облік за рентабельністю; public accounting громадський бухгалтерський облік і ревізія; replacement cost accounting облік за відновленою вартістю; reserve accounting облік резервів; responsibility accounting облік за сферами відповідальності; retirement reserve accounting облік зношення за методикою разового нарахування; routine accounting оперативний облік; social responsibility accounting облік за діяльністю громадської відповідальності; stock accounting облік запасів; store accounting облік запасів; tax-effect accounting облік за податковим ефектом═════════□═════════accounting assumptions бухгалтерські припущення; accounting basis основа бухгалтерського обліку; accounting concepts бухгалтерські концепції; accounting consultant консультант з бухгалтерського обліку • дорадник з бухгалтерського обліку; accounting cost бухгалтерські витрати • балансові витрати • облікові витрати; accounting cycle кругообіг процедури бухгалтерського обліку • обліковий цикл; accounting data of costs бухгалтерські дані про витрати; accounting day обліковий день; accounting department відділ бухгалтерського обліку • бухгалтерія • головна бухгалтерія компанії; accounting economy розрахункова економіка; accounting education бухгалтерська освіта; accounting entry запис на рахунку; accounting; accounting error помилка бухгалтерського обліку; accounting estimate попередній облік; accounting figures дані бухгалтерського обліку; accounting firms бухгалтерські фірми • аудиторські фірми; accounting identity; accounting income дохід за звітний період; accounting information system (AIS) система опрацювання облікових даних; Accounting Institute орган бухгалтерського обліку • Інститут бухгалтерського обліку; accounting loss розрахункові збитки; accounting machine бухгалтерська машина; accounting measurement облікові виміри • облікові вимірювання; accounting method методика бухгалтерської звітності • методика бухгалтерського обліку; accounting par value облік за номінальною вартістю; accounting period (A/P) звітний період • розрахунковий період • період бухгалтерської звітності; accounting policy загальні принципи бухгалтерського обліку; accounting practice практика звітності; accounting principles принципи бухгалтерського обліку; Accounting Principles Board (APB) Бюро з розробки принципів бухгалтерського обліку; accounting procedures форми ведення обліку; accounting profit бухгалтерський прибуток • розрахунковий прибуток; accounting profit and loss облік прибутків і збитків; accounting profit or loss облік прибутків або збитків; accounting rate of return (ARR) обліковий коефіцієнт окупності; accounting ratio обліковий показник; accounting record бухгалтерська книга; accounting records; accounting report бухгалтерський звіт; accounting staff персонал служби бухгалтерського обліку; accounting standard; Accounting Standards Board (ASB) (англ.) Бюро бухгалтерських стандартів; accounting statement бухгалтерський звіт; accounting system система бухгалтерського обліку; accounting treatment опрацювання бухгалтерських рахунків; accounting unit одиниця обліку реального основного капіталу • рахунок, який відтворює собівартість об'єкта; accounting year звітний рік • фінансовий рік; American Accounting Association (AAA) Американська бухгалтерська асоціація; Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) (амер.) Бюро стандартів фінансового обліку; International Accounting Standards (IAS) Міжнародні стандарти бухгалтерського обліку; International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) Комітет міжнародних бухгалтерських стандартівaccounting¹:: accountancy²; accounting² ‡ accounting (382)▹▹ accountancy* * *бухгалтерський облік; звітність; фінансова звітність -
10 accounting
1) бухгалтерский учёт; анализ хозяйственной деятельности; представление официальной отчётности2) счетоводство -
11 Language
Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)[A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling itSolving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into anotherLANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own LanguageThe forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)[It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human InteractionLanguage cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language
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